Small turtles must be no smaller than 4 inches if they are to be kept as pets.
In 1975 a regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned the sale of turtles less than 4 inches in length and turtle eggs due to the risk of turtle-associated salmonella. Many stores however still sell these turtles citing an exception in the ruling which states they can be sold "for bona fide scientific, educational or exhibitional purposes, other than the use of pets," as stated by the FDA.
Mud Turtles
Mud turtles are found in North and South America and are commonly kept as pets. The shell of a mud turtle is dull in color. They grow in size to 5 inches and can live until 50 years of age. Their diet consists of small fish, worms, tadpoles and small berries. A large tank is recommended for these turtles with a large land area for them to rest on as well as clean, fresh water. The anal glands of a mud turtle may secrete a foul-smelling liquid when they feel threatened.
Musk Turtles
Musk turtles are also known as stinkpot turtles because, like mud turtles, they secrete a foul smell when threatened. They grow to 5 inches in length with a black or brown shell. The males can be recognized as they have a longer tail than the females and the shell is slightly larger. Musk turtles are aquatic by nature, therefore water should be 10 inches deep within the tank. They are nocturnal and become much more active during the evening. Musk turtles should be fed commercial sinking pellets in order to ensure the turtle has all the vitamins it requires as well as insects, frozen bloodworm and chopped earthworms.
Painted Turtles
Painted turtles can reach 10 inches in length, with males being slightly smaller than females but with claws on the front legs and a longer tail. They can live up top 25 years in captivity. Their shell is black or olive in color and they have a red or yellow design on their head and neck. The painted turtle is most active during the day and therefore needs a UV light in the tank to help it absorb calcium. They should be fed a mixture of commercial turtle food as well as fresh greens, vegetables and insects.
Red Ear Slider Turtles
The red ear slider turtle gets its name from the red mark around the turtle's ear. They also have the ability to slide from rocks and logs into the water quickly. They can grow to around 7 inches in length and can live to 40 years in captivity. They eat a variety of plant materials as well as worms and crickets. They do not hibernate but instead they brumate, meaning they become less active during the winter.
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